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Representing a complete sarcomere the smallest functional unit of a myofibril of striated muscle with Z lines or disks at either end, and scaled to tens of thousands of times actual size, this first-ever working model graphically illustrates the sliding filament theory of skeletal muscle contraction.

Reflecting the most recent advances in electron microscopic ultrastructure, the model unequivocally demonstrates that individual myofilaments neither change shape nor shorten, rather the proteins actin and myosin slide past one another, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere itself. Clearly depicted are the arrangement, configuration, and function of thin filaments (actin, troponin, tropomyosin), and thick filaments (myosin, myosin heads), the M-line and Z-line.

Invaluable not only for physiology classes, but also for athletic trainers, sports medicine specialists, physical and massage therapists, the working sarcomere model can also plainly demonstrate muscle tone, muscle cramps, knots and tears. Included with the sarcomere model is a translucent sheath (shown at right) representing the sarcoplasmic reticulum which can be wrapped around the sarcomere to elicit discussion and elucidate understanding of the role calcium ion transport plays in muscle contraction.

Measuring 22"L 6"W 8"H inches overall, the working sarcomere model comes complete with sarcoplasmic reticulum and user manual.

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This cutaway model of the eye shows the inner anatomy of the eye as well as various types of cataract conditions. 4-times enlarged; 5 interchangeable lenses illustrate subcapsular, capsular, mature, cortical and nuclear cataracts. A normal lens is also included for comparison. The patient education card highlights the visual effects of glaucoma. Both model and key card can be removed from base. Size: 5" x 3-3/4" x 3".

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This normal oversized eye model includes 4 interchangeable corneas that show various cornea conditions including: Bullous Keratopathy, Fuch's Endothelial Dystrophy, Keratoconus and Normal.

Model Size: 5x 3x 4
Card Size: 6-1/2x 5-1/4
Base Size: 6-1/2" x 5" x 1"

1. Made of durable high quality materials.
2. Education card included with model.

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This soft plastic model has cutaway portion to show inner anatomy: retina, optic disk, optic nerve, choroid, and blood vessels. 4-times enlarged and mounted on plastic base. Clear cornea and lens are removable. Removable patient education card and base included.

Size: 5" x 4" x 3-3/4".

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Miniature Brain, Eye, Heart, Kidney and Artery models. Refer to our full size models for descriptions. Education card illustrates effects associated with hypertension: glaucoma, arthresclious, arterial placque, kidney failure and stroke.

Model Size:Display Stands 13-1/2" tall. Models 50% scale of full size stock models.
Card Size:6 1/4" x 8 1/4"
Base Size:6-1/2" x 5" x 1"

1. Made of durable high quality materials.
2. Education card included with model.

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This model shows the eye with optic nerve in its position in the bone orbit (floor and medial wall). Dissectible into:

• Both halves of the sclera with optic nerve and eye muscles
• Cornea
• Lens
• Vitreous humour
• M. rectus superior
• M. rectus lateralis

On base.
Measurements: 19x20x28 cm
Weight: 1,5 kg

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The model illustrates the microscopic structure of the retina with choroid and sclera. The left block-like, layered side of the model side shows the complete structure of the retina including the supplying vascular layer and parts of the sclera from a light microscopic view.

The right part of the model is a sectional enlargement. It shows the microscopic structure of the photoreceptors and the cells of the pigmented layer.

Left part 850-times enlarged - right part 3800-times enlarged

Measurements: 25x23x18,5cm
Weight: 1,2kg

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Consisting of the 5 lumbar vertebrae with intervertebral discs, sacrum with flap, coccyx, spinal nerves and dura mater of spinal cord. On flexible stand.

Measurements:
34 cm
Weight: 0,6 kg

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This model dissects into:
• Both halves of sclera with cornea and eye muscle attachments
• Both halves of the choroid with iris and retina
• Lens
• Vitreous humour

On base.
Measurements: 9x9x15 cm
Weight: 0,1 kg

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This model shows the optic nerve in its natural position in the bony orbit of the eye (floor and medial wall). The eyeball is dissectible into:

• Both halves of sclera with cornea and eye muscle attachments
• Both halves of the choroid with iris and retina
• Lens
• Vitreous humour
On base.

Measurements: 18x26x19 cm
Weight: 1,1 kg

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Consisting of the 12 thoracic vertebrae with intervertebral discs, thoracic nerves and spinal cord. On flexible stand.

Measurements:
32 cm
Weight: 0,5 kg

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Consisting of, occipital plate, the 7 cervical vertebrae with intervertebral discs, cervical nerves, vertebral arteries and spinal cord. On flexible stand.

Measurements:
19 cm
Weight: 0,3 kg

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Removable parts include:
• Upper half of the sclera with cornea and eye muscle attachments
• Both halves of choroid with iris and retina
• Lens
• Vitreous humour
• Eyelid
• Lachrymal system
• Features around the eyeball
On base of bony orbit.

Measurements: 20x18x21 cm
Weight: 1,2 kg

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Removable parts include:
• Upper half of the sclera with cornea and eye muscle attachments
• Both halves of choroid with iris and retina
• Lens
• Vitreous humour
On base of bony orbit.
Measurements: 18x18x20 cm
Weight: 1 kg

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The model illustrates degenerative changes to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in various degrees. Based on the original cast of a human lumbar spine, even finest bone structures are accurately depicted. The following conditions are shown from top to bottom:

• Intervertebral disc in healthy condition
• Lumbar vertebra (L1) without degenerative changes
• Intervertebral disc with protrusion
• Lumbar vertebra (L2) with beginning degenerative changes
• Intervertebral disc with medial prolapse
• Lumbar vertebra (L3) with advanced degenerative changes
• Intervertebral disc with intraforaminal prolapse on the right • Lumbar vertebra (L4) with strong degenerative changes and bony constriction of the left intervertebral foramen
• Extremely narrowed intervertebral disc
• Lumbar vertebra (L5) with strong degenerative changes and bony constriction of the left intervertebral foramen with pressure on the spinal nerve root L5 on the left.

The model can be disassembled into vertebrae and intervertebral discs. Supplied on base